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Review

Sphingolipid targets in cancer therapy

Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, New Jersey

Requests for reprints: David E. Modrak, Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, 520 Belleville Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109. Phone: 973-844-7022; Fax: 973-844-7020. E-mail: dmodrak{at}gscancer.org

Considerable progress has been made recently in our understanding of the role of ceramide in the induction of apoptotic cell death. Ceramide is produced by cancer cells in response to exposure to radiation and most chemotherapeutics and is an intracellular second messenger that activates enzymes, leading to apoptosis. Because of its central role in apoptosis, pharmacologic manipulation of intracellular ceramide levels should result in attenuation or enhancement of drug resistance. This may be achieved through direct application of sphingolipids or by the inhibition/activation of the enzymes that either produce or use ceramide. In addition, attention should be given to the subcellular location of ceramide generation, because this has been shown to affect the biological activity of sphingolipids. This review summarizes the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, as it relates to the identification of important targets for drug discovery, and the development of novel agents capable of enhancing chemotherapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(2):200–8]

¹ Unpublished results.

Received 10/12/05; revised 12/ 7/05; accepted 1/ 5/06.